Leading Modernist painter, printmaker, draftsman, and writer Max Beckmann began his career working in the traditional style but came to be linked with Expressionism, as well as the Neue Sachlichkeit's contemporary social criticism. Devoted to figuration, Beckmann repeatedly used the theater, circus, history, mythology, and religion as allegories for human tragedy. Among his many self-portraits is 1938's Self-Portrait With Horn, painted after he fled Nazi Germany. Typical of his work's intense color, emotion, and metaphysical quality, it shows the artist in a vivid orange and black gown with a deeply furrowed brow.